4片级联参考设计板上进行发射天线的连续波测试方案

Other Parts Discussed in Post: MMWCAS-DSP-EVM, MMWCAS-RF-EVM, AWR2243

作者：Chris Meng

毫米波用户需要通过测试连续波来确认TI毫米波芯片发射射频信号的频率的准确性。用户对联参考设计板上进行发射天线的连续波测试有不同的测试要求。下面介绍三种不同测试场景的测试流程。

测试条件：

硬件平台: MMWCAS-RF-EVM (revE)/MMWCAS-DSP-EVM
PC软件: mmwave studio 3.00.00.14
AWR2243 ES1.1的固件补丁: mmwave_dfp_02_02_03_01
频谱分析仪

测试场景一

1. 测试要求：对级联板上每个AWR2243所有3根发射天线同时发射连续波的测试。

2. 测试流程：

先在mmwave studio里运行下面的脚本进行所有4片AWR2243的参数配置。\mmwave_studio_03_00_00_14\mmWaveStudio\Scripts\Cascade\Cascade_Configuration_ContStream.lua （测试脚本已经包含在mmwave studio里）
然后运行下面的脚本。这个脚本会先使能芯片Slave 3的连续波发射，然后使能Slave2， Slave1，Master芯片。接着停止所有芯片的信号发射。最后保存相关ADC数据到SSD硬盘上，传送给PC。\mmwave_studio_03_00_00_14\mmWaveStudio\Scripts\Cascade\Cascade_Capture_ContStream.lua（测试脚本已经包含在mmwave studio里）
通过频谱仪抓取和观测芯片的发射信号。

测试场景二

1. 测试要求：对级联板的AWR2243 主芯片（master）的单发射天线进行连续波的测试。

2. 测试流程：

以主芯片的TX0天线为例 (RadarDevice1)

a. 配置主芯片。

在mmwave studio里运行下面的脚本：

Cascade_Configuration_ContStream_master_example.lua （具体内容见附录）

运行脚本后的mmwave studio界面信息如下：

b. 发射连续波。

运行下面的脚本：\mmwave_studio_03_00_00_14\mmWaveStudio\Scripts\Cascade\Cascade_Capture_ContStream.lua（测试脚本已经包含在mmwave studio里）

c. 通过频谱仪抓取和观测芯片的发射信号。

测试场景三

1. 测试要求：对级联板的AWR2243 从芯片（slave）的单发射天线进行连续波的测试。

2. 测试流程：

以slave2芯片的TX1天线为例 (RadarDevice3)

a. 配置从芯片。

在mmwave studio里运行下面的脚本：Cascade_Configuration_ContStream_slave_example.lua（具体内容见附录）

运行脚本后的mmwave studio界面信息如下：

b. 发射连续波。

运行下面的脚本：\mmwave_studio_03_00_00_14\mmWaveStudio\Scripts\Cascade\Cascade_Capture_ContStream.lua（测试脚本已经包含在mmwave studio里）

c. 通过频谱仪抓取和观测芯片的发射信号。

注意事项：

如果改变了AWR2243的ChanNAdcConfig_mult 参数（相对于上一次配置），用户必须对板子进行断电，再上电的操作。

常见问题：

1. 问题：如何使能、不使能主芯片或者是从芯片里的不同发射天线TX？

答案:：用户需要修改配置参数的LUA脚本里ar1.ChanNAdcConfig_mult 函数的Tx0En/Tx1En/Tx2En 参数。关于这个函数的更多信息见下。对于Tx0En/Tx1En/Tx2En， 1表示使能，0表示不使能。

Int32 ar1.ChanNAdcConfig_mult(UInt16 RadarDeviceId, UInt16 Tx0En, UInt16 Tx1En, UInt16 Tx2En, UInt16 Rx0En, UInt16 Rx1En, UInt16 Rx2En, UInt32 Rx3En, Int32 BitsVal, UInt32 FmtVal, UInt32 IQSwap, UInt16 CasCadeMode) - Static device config API which defines configure both the Transmiter and Reciever channels of Radar device and also ADC data format output

_I_ UInt16 RadarDeviceId - Radar Device Id

_I_ UInt16 Tx0En - Tx0 channel

_I_ UInt16 Tx1En - Tx1 channel

_I_ UInt16 Tx2En - Tx2 channel

_I_ UInt16 Rx0En - Rx0 channel

_I_ UInt16 Rx1En - Rx1 channnel

_I_ UInt16 Rx2En - Rx2 channel

_I_ UInt32 Rx3En - Rx3 channel[b15:0] + (CascadePinOutCfg[b31:16] b16:ClkOutMasterDis, b17:SynOutMasterDis, b18:ClkOutSlaveEna, b19:SynOutSlaveEna, b20:IntLOMasterEna, b21:OSCClkOutMasterDis, b22:INTFRCMasterEna)

_I_ Int32 BitsVal - Number of ADC bits

_I_ UInt32 FmtVal - ADC output format[b15:0] + FullScaleReductionFactor[b31:16]

_I_ UInt32 IQSwap - ADC Mode

_I_ UInt16 CasCadeMode - CascadeMode(Single Chip: 0x0000, MultiChip Master:0x0001, MultiChip Slave:0x0002)

2. 问题：如何使能或者关闭级联板上不同的从芯片？

答案：用户需要修改配置参数的LUA里RadarDevice的设置。RadarDevice里dev1是主芯片，dev2、dev3、dev4是从芯片。

例如： RadarDevice = {1, 0, 1, 0} -- {dev1, dev2, dev3, dev4}, 1: Enable, 0: Disable

3. 问题：如何改变连续波的频率？

答案：用户需要修改配置参数的LUA里ar1.ContStrConfig_mult函数的startFreqConst参数值。

Int32 ar1.ContStrConfig_mult(UInt16 RadarDeviceId, Double startFreqConst, UInt16 digOutSampleRate, Char rxGain, Char hpfCornerFreq1, Char hpfCornerFreq2, UInt32 tx0OutPowerBackoffCode, UInt32 tx1OutPowerBackoffCode, UInt32 tx2OutPowerBackoffCode, UInt16 tx0PhaseShifter, UInt16 tx1PhaseShifter, UInt32 tx2PhaseShifter) - Continuous Streming Configuration API defines Configuration of the data path to transfer the captured ADC samples continuously without missing any sample to external Device(host)

_I_ UInt16 RadarDeviceId - Radar Device Id

_I_ Double startFreqConst - Start Frequency for each profile of chirp in GHz

_I_ UInt16 digOutSampleRate - ADC sampling rate for each profile in ksps

_I_ Char rxGain - Rx gain for each profile in dB

_I_ Char hpfCornerFreq1 - HPF1 corner frequency for each profile in KHz

_I_ Char hpfCornerFreq2 - HPF2 corner frequency for each profile in KHz

_I_ UInt32 tx0OutPowerBackoffCode - How much the trasmit power should be reduced from Max in Tx0 Channel

_I_ UInt32 tx1OutPowerBackoffCode - How much the trasmit power should be reduced from Max in Tx1 Channel

_I_ UInt32 tx2OutPowerBackoffCode - How much the trasmit power should be reduced from Max in Tx2 Channel

_I_ UInt16 tx0PhaseShifter - The additional phase shift to be introduced on Tx0 Channel

_I_ UInt16 tx1PhaseShifter - The additional phase shift to be introduced on Tx1 Channel

_I_ UInt32 tx2PhaseShifter - The additional phase shift to be introduced on Tx2 Channel(b0:15) + ForceSelect(b16) + VCOSelecct(b17))

附录：

1.	Cascade_Configuration_ContStream_master_example.lua
----------------------------------------User Constants--------------------------------------------
       
dev_list           =    {1, 2, 4, 8}       -- Device map
RadarDevice        =    {1, 0, 0, 0}       -- {dev1, dev2, dev3, dev4}, 1: Enable, 0: Disable
cascade_mode_list  =    {0, 2, 2, 2}       -- 0: Single chip, 1: Master, 2: Slave //Chris: need to set in code directly

-- F/W Download Path

-- Uncomment the next line if you wish to pop-up a dialog box to select the firmware image file
-- Otherwise, hardcode the path to the firmware metaimage below
-- By default, the firmware filename is: xwr22xx_metaImage.bin

-- metaImagePath   =   RSTD.BrowseForFile(RSTD.GetSettingsPath(), "bin", "Browse to .bin file")
-- For 2243 ES1.1 devices
metaImagePath            =   "C:\\ti\\mmwave_dfp_02_02_03_01\\firmware\\xwr22xx_metaImage.bin"
-- For 2243 ES1.0 devices
-- metaImagePath            =   "C:\\ti\\mmwave_dfp_02_02_00_02\\firmware\\xwr22xx_metaImage.bin"

-- IP Address for the TDA2 Host Board
-- Change this accordingly for your setup

TDA_IPAddress           =   "192.168.33.180"

-- Device map of all the devices to be enabled by TDA
-- 1 - master ; 2- slave1 ; 4 - slave2 ; 8 - slave3

deviceMapOverall  =   RadarDevice[1] + (RadarDevice[2]*2) + (RadarDevice[3]*4) + (RadarDevice[4]*8)
deviceMapSlaves   =   (RadarDevice[2]*2) + (RadarDevice[3]*4) + (RadarDevice[4]*8)          
 
------------------------------ API Configuration ------------------------------------------------
    
-- 1. Connection to TDA. 2. Selecting Cascade/Single Chip.  3. Selecting 2-chip/4-chip

WriteToLog("Setting up Studio for Cascade started..\n", "blue")

if(0 == ar1.ConnectTDA(TDA_IPAddress, 5001, deviceMapOverall)) then
    WriteToLog("ConnectTDA Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("ConnectTDA Failed\n", "red")
    return -1
end

if(0 == ar1.selectCascadeMode(1)) then
    WriteToLog("selectCascadeMode Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("selectCascadeMode Failed\n", "red")
    return -1
end

WriteToLog("Setting up Studio for Cascade ended..\n", "blue")
         
--Master Initialization

-- SOP Mode Configuration
if (0 == ar1.SOPControl_mult(1, 4)) then
    WriteToLog("Master : SOP Reset Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("Master : SOP Reset Failed\n", "red")
    return -1
end

-- SPI Connect
if (0 == ar1.PowerOn_mult(1, 0, 1000, 0, 0)) then
    WriteToLog("Master : SPI Connection Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("Master : SPI Connection Failed\n", "red")
    return -1
end

-- Firmware Download. (SOP 4 - MetaImage)
if (0 == ar1.DownloadBssFwOvSPI_mult(1, metaImagePath)) then
    WriteToLog("Master : FW Download Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("Master : FW Download Failed\n", "red")
    return -1
end

-- RF Power Up
if (0 == ar1.RfEnable_mult(1)) then
    WriteToLog("Master : RF Power Up Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("Master : RF Power Up Failed\n", "red")
    return -1
end            
         
-- Channel & ADC Configuration
if (0 == ar1.ChanNAdcConfig_mult(1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,2,1,0,0)) then
    WriteToLog("Master : Channel & ADC Configuration Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("Master : Channel & ADC Configuration Failed\n", "red")
    return -2
end
    
            
-- All devices together        
          
-- Including this depends on the type of board being used.
-- LDO configuration
if (0 == ar1.RfLdoBypassConfig_mult(deviceMapOverall, 3)) then
    WriteToLog("LDO Bypass Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("LDO Bypass failed\n", "red")
    return -2
end

-- Low Power Mode Configuration
if (0 == ar1.LPModConfig_mult(deviceMapOverall,0, 0)) then
    WriteToLog("Low Power Mode Configuration Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("Low Power Mode Configuration failed\n", "red")
    return -2
end

-- Miscellaneous Control Configuration
if (0 == ar1.SetMiscConfig_mult(deviceMapOverall, 1, 0, 0, 0)) then
    WriteToLog("Misc Control Configuration Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("Misc Control Configuration failed\n", "red")
    return -2
end

-- Edit this API to enable/disable the boot time calibration. Enabled by default.
-- RF Init Calibration Configuration
if (0 == ar1.RfInitCalibConfig_mult(deviceMapOverall, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 65537)) then
    WriteToLog("RF Init Calibration Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("RF Init Calibration failed\n", "red")
    return -2
end
         
-- RF Init
if (0 == ar1.RfInit_mult(deviceMapOverall)) then
    WriteToLog("RF Init Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("RF Init failed\n", "red")
    return -2
end

---------------------------Data Configuration----------------------------------
        
-- Data path Configuration
if (0 == ar1.DataPathConfig_mult(deviceMapOverall, 0, 1, 0)) then
    WriteToLog("Data Path Configuration Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("Data Path Configuration failed\n", "red")
    return -3
end

-- Clock Configuration
if (0 == ar1.LvdsClkConfig_mult(deviceMapOverall, 1, 1)) then
    WriteToLog("Clock Configuration Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("Clock Configuration failed\n", "red")
    return -3
end

-- CSI2 Configuration
if (0 == ar1.CSI2LaneConfig_mult(deviceMapOverall, 1, 0, 2, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 3, 0, 0)) then
    WriteToLog("CSI2 Configuration Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("CSI2 Configuration failed\n", "red")
    return -3
end

2.	Cascade_Configuration_ContStream_slave_example.lua
----------------------------------------User Constants--------------------------------------------
       
dev_list           =    {1, 2, 4, 8}       -- Device map
RadarDevice        =    {1, 0, 1, 0}       -- {dev1, dev2, dev3, dev4}, 1: Enable, 0: Disable
cascade_mode_list  =    {1, 2, 2, 2}       -- 0: Single chip, 1: Master, 2: Slave

-- F/W Download Path

-- Uncomment the next line if you wish to pop-up a dialog box to select the firmware image file
-- Otherwise, hardcode the path to the firmware metaimage below
-- By default, the firmware filename is: xwr22xx_metaImage.bin

-- metaImagePath   =   RSTD.BrowseForFile(RSTD.GetSettingsPath(), "bin", "Browse to .bin file")
-- For 2243 ES1.1 devices
metaImagePath            =   "C:\\ti\\mmwave_dfp_02_02_03_01\\firmware\\xwr22xx_metaImage.bin"
-- For 2243 ES1.0 devices
-- metaImagePath            =   "C:\\ti\\mmwave_dfp_02_02_00_02\\firmware\\xwr22xx_metaImage.bin"

-- IP Address for the TDA2 Host Board
-- Change this accordingly for your setup

TDA_IPAddress           =   "192.168.33.180"

-- Device map of all the devices to be enabled by TDA
-- 1 - master ; 2- slave1 ; 4 - slave2 ; 8 - slave3

deviceMapOverall  =   RadarDevice[1] + (RadarDevice[2]*2) + (RadarDevice[3]*4) + (RadarDevice[4]*8)
deviceMapSlaves   =   (RadarDevice[2]*2) + (RadarDevice[3]*4) + (RadarDevice[4]*8)          
 
------------------------------ API Configuration ------------------------------------------------
    
-- 1. Connection to TDA. 2. Selecting Cascade/Single Chip.  3. Selecting 2-chip/4-chip

WriteToLog("Setting up Studio for Cascade started..\n", "blue")

if(0 == ar1.ConnectTDA(TDA_IPAddress, 5001, deviceMapOverall)) then
    WriteToLog("ConnectTDA Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("ConnectTDA Failed\n", "red")
    return -1
end

if(0 == ar1.selectCascadeMode(1)) then
    WriteToLog("selectCascadeMode Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("selectCascadeMode Failed\n", "red")
    return -1
end

WriteToLog("Setting up Studio for Cascade ended..\n", "blue")
         
--Master Initialization

-- SOP Mode Configuration
if (0 == ar1.SOPControl_mult(1, 4)) then
    WriteToLog("Master : SOP Reset Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("Master : SOP Reset Failed\n", "red")
    return -1
end

-- SPI Connect
if (0 == ar1.PowerOn_mult(1, 0, 1000, 0, 0)) then
    WriteToLog("Master : SPI Connection Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("Master : SPI Connection Failed\n", "red")
    return -1
end

-- Firmware Download. (SOP 4 - MetaImage)
if (0 == ar1.DownloadBssFwOvSPI_mult(1, metaImagePath)) then
    WriteToLog("Master : FW Download Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("Master : FW Download Failed\n", "red")
    return -1
end

-- RF Power Up
if (0 == ar1.RfEnable_mult(1)) then
    WriteToLog("Master : RF Power Up Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("Master : RF Power Up Failed\n", "red")
    return -1
end            
         
-- Channel & ADC Configuration
if (0 == ar1.ChanNAdcConfig_mult(1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,2,1,0,1)) then
    WriteToLog("Master : Channel & ADC Configuration Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("Master : Channel & ADC Configuration Failed\n", "red")
    return -2
end
    
-- Slaves Initialization
   
for i=2,table.getn(RadarDevice) do 
    local status    =    0                
    if ((RadarDevice[1]==1) and (RadarDevice[i]==1)) then
      
        -- SOP Mode Configuration
        if (0 == ar1.SOPControl_mult(dev_list[i], 4)) then
            WriteToLog("Device "..i.." : SOP Reset Successful\n", "green")
        else
            WriteToLog("Device "..i.." : SOP Reset Failed\n", "red")
            return -1
        end
                
        -- SPI Connect    
        if (0 == ar1.AddDevice(dev_list[i])) then
            WriteToLog("Device "..i.." : SPI Connection Successful\n", "green")
        else
            WriteToLog("Device "..i.." : SPI Connection Failed\n", "red")
            return -1
        end
           
    end
end  
    
-- Firmware Download. (SOP 4 - MetaImage)
if (0 == ar1.DownloadBssFwOvSPI_mult(deviceMapSlaves, metaImagePath)) then
    WriteToLog("Slaves : FW Download Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("Slaves : FW Download Failed\n", "red")
    return -1
end
         
-- RF Power Up
if (0 == ar1.RfEnable_mult(deviceMapSlaves)) then
    WriteToLog("Slaves : RF Power Up Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("Slaves : RF Power Up Failed\n", "red")
    return -1
end    

-- Channel & ADC Configuration
if (0 == ar1.ChanNAdcConfig_mult(deviceMapSlaves,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,2,1,0,2)) then
    WriteToLog("Slaves : Channel & ADC Configuration Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("Slaves : Channel & ADC Configuration Failed\n", "red")
    return -2
end
            
-- All devices together        
          
-- Including this depends on the type of board being used.
-- LDO configuration
if (0 == ar1.RfLdoBypassConfig_mult(deviceMapOverall, 3)) then
    WriteToLog("LDO Bypass Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("LDO Bypass failed\n", "red")
    return -2
end

-- Low Power Mode Configuration
if (0 == ar1.LPModConfig_mult(deviceMapOverall,0, 0)) then
    WriteToLog("Low Power Mode Configuration Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("Low Power Mode Configuration failed\n", "red")
    return -2
end

-- Miscellaneous Control Configuration
if (0 == ar1.SetMiscConfig_mult(deviceMapOverall, 1, 0, 0, 0)) then
    WriteToLog("Misc Control Configuration Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("Misc Control Configuration failed\n", "red")
    return -2
end

-- Edit this API to enable/disable the boot time calibration. Enabled by default.
-- RF Init Calibration Configuration
if (0 == ar1.RfInitCalibConfig_mult(deviceMapOverall, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 65537)) then
    WriteToLog("RF Init Calibration Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("RF Init Calibration failed\n", "red")
    return -2
end
         
-- RF Init
if (0 == ar1.RfInit_mult(deviceMapOverall)) then
    WriteToLog("RF Init Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("RF Init failed\n", "red")
    return -2
end

---------------------------Data Configuration----------------------------------
        
-- Data path Configuration
if (0 == ar1.DataPathConfig_mult(deviceMapOverall, 0, 1, 0)) then
    WriteToLog("Data Path Configuration Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("Data Path Configuration failed\n", "red")
    return -3
end

-- Clock Configuration
if (0 == ar1.LvdsClkConfig_mult(deviceMapOverall, 1, 1)) then
    WriteToLog("Clock Configuration Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("Clock Configuration failed\n", "red")
    return -3
end

-- CSI2 Configuration
if (0 == ar1.CSI2LaneConfig_mult(deviceMapOverall, 1, 0, 2, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 3, 0, 0)) then
    WriteToLog("CSI2 Configuration Successful\n", "green")
else
    WriteToLog("CSI2 Configuration failed\n", "red")
    return -3
end

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频率，通过测量发射波和反射波之间的频率差，可将频率差转换为与被测量液位成正比例关系的电信号。用连续波雷达物位计通过透镜天线发射连续的微波信号，该发射信号的频率由锯齿波进行线性调制。连续发射的微波信号遇到被测介质表面时，由于介电常数发生突变，微波信号的部分能量被连续地反射回来，并被透镜天线系统所接收。

2022-07-14 08:17:44

1016

脉冲雷达和调频连续波雷达的区别

雷达液位计是基于电磁波发射和反射接收来判断物位的测量仪表。按照发射信号种类分为脉冲雷达和调频连续波雷达两大类。

2022-04-20 11:13:18

3081

为什么在毫米波频率下运行的设备需要进行OTA测试

的挑战。今天的文章，我们将讨论为什么在毫米波频率下运行的设备需要进行OTA 测试。简而言之，表征天线的发射和接收性能需要OTA测试。3GPP 定义的毫米波频率范围介于 23.25 GHz 至 52.6 GHz 之间。而我们都知道毫米波频率极易出现路径损耗，这会导致信噪比落

2021-08-03 09:38:57

1741

深度解读连续波雷达系统中发射机信号泄露抑制技术

发射机信号泄露严重制约连续波雷达探测性能的提高。微带天线广泛应用于微小型连续波雷达，其收发天线隔离性能是制约微小型连续波雷达探测能力的关键。本文分析了连续波雷达系统中发射机信号泄露抑制技术，包括收发

2020-12-02 11:40:13

3602

天线有哪些类型应该如何进行选型

电磁兼容EMC，离不开测试，不管是辐射骚扰测试还是抗辐射骚扰度测试，除了EMI接收机，信号源，功率放大器等仪器之外，都要用到天线。天线，既可以用来发射信号又可以用来接收信号，是可逆的，具有互易性

2020-11-12 10:39:00

如何进行传导发射测试

传导发射（Conducted Emission）测试，通常也会被成为骚扰电压测试，只要有电源线的产品都会涉及到，包括许多直流供电产品，另外，信号/控制线在不少标准中也有传导发射的要求，通常用骚扰电压

2019-12-12 16:02:52

4835

分析手机天线耦合的测试方案的介绍

RIGOL为您提供的替代方案是，通过射频信号源发射2G/3G/4G频段的CW信号通过屏蔽箱天线板进行发射；若手机天线耦合及电接触良好，则接收的功率值可达到标准。由于CW信号无需手机进行解调，仅需手机有读取CW功率值的测试软件即可，效率可极大提高。

2019-10-10 10:07:16

13339

天线近场测试的机器人时代

2011年NIST（美国国家标准与技术研究院，以下简称NIST）科学家开始使用机器人在天线测试领域进行创新，以应对天线测试在毫米波通信、毫米波雷达时代面临的种种挑战。这些让传统天线测试系统疲于应对的挑战来自方方面面，高频率天线需要更高的测试定位精度

2019-09-25 05:14:00

3694

EMC传导发射测试方案

传导发射（Conducted Emission）测试，只要是有电源线的产品都会涉及到，包括许多直流供电产品，另外信号/控制线在不少标准中也有传到发射的要求。传导发射通常用骚扰电压或骚扰电流的限值来表示，灯具中的插入损耗测试（dB表示）也属于传导发射测试范畴。

2019-09-22 09:00:00

3587

发射天线的制作,tranmission antenna

发射天线的制作,tranmission antenna 关键字：发射天线的制作发射天线的制作电台的发射天线尤为重要。一个5W的发射

2018-09-20 18:54:01

1051

天线种类详解

天线是一种变换器，它把传输线上传播的导行波，变换成在无界媒介（通常是自由空间）中传播的电磁波，或者进行相反的变换。在无线电设备中用来发射或接收电磁波的部件。无线电通信、广播、电视、雷达、导航

2018-06-03 17:38:00

17828

电磁兼容EMC测试系列：天线的分类和选型

包括：频率范围，增益，天线系数，方向图，功率，阻抗，电压驻波比等。在EMC测试中，根据不同的EMC标准，比如辐射骚扰的通用标准IEC61000-6-3（居住和商用环境），IEC61000-6-4（工业环境），规定了要进行不同频段的辐射骚扰测试和抗辐射骚扰度测试。

2018-05-30 02:31:00

11366

连续波雷达介绍

连续波雷达是发射持续的等幅波信号，用以探测活动目标的雷达。按信号形式，可分为非调制单频连续波雷达、调频连续波雷达、相位编码连续波雷达和多频连续波雷达等。非调制单频连续波雷达它发射未经任何调制

2017-12-12 10:50:01

4150

新型的散热片天线设计方案

美国佛罗里达大学的研究者们为高集成度无线系统以及相位阵列雷达设计了一种新型的散热片天线。在典型的情况下，制造商在开发小型电子器件的时候必须使用印制电路板（Printed Circuit Boards

2017-12-08 18:55:40

1657

LFM连续波雷达系统中信道的设计与相关技术的研究

LFM连续波雷达系统中，从发射通道泄露的强发射信号、近距离目标的强回波信号和天线罩的强反射信号会对接收机性能造成严重影响。低相噪高线性度的发射信号会显著提升雷达系统性能。介绍了LFM连续波雷达信道

2017-11-16 16:26:00

连续波与脉冲波的区别

根据持续时问的长短，超声波可以分为连续波和脉冲波。连续波指介质中质点振动持续时间为无穷的波动。脉冲波是指振动持续时间有限（单个或间发）的波动。

2017-11-14 20:14:34

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低功率40m连续波发射机

低功率40m连续波发射机该连续波

2009-10-10 14:17:21

764

简单的连续波单音红外光束发射器电子图

2009-06-10 10:10:30

2024

1/4波长天线

天线的发射基本原理是：电以接近光的速度在导体中传播，当遇到导体中的不连续点时

2006-04-16 20:05:01

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4片级联参考设计板上进行发射天线的连续波测试方案

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